{"id":5188,"date":"2024-08-12T10:13:15","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weagro.ua\/blog\/agricultura-de-precizie-in-ucraina-definitie-si-perspective\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T07:55:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T05:55:08","slug":"agricultura-de-precizie-in-ucraina-definitie-si-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weagro.ua\/ro\/blog\/agricultura-de-precizie-in-ucraina-definitie-si-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Agricultura de precizie \u00een Ucraina: defini\u021bie \u0219i perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"

Agricultura de precizie este cea mai important\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 a agriculturii moderne. Digitalizarea proceselor de produc\u021bie \u0219i aplicarea tehnologiilor \u00eenalte permit cre\u0219terea semnificativ\u0103 a randamentului, reduc\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp consumul de resurse materiale. Aceasta nu doar cre\u0219te competitivitatea \u00eentreprinderilor individuale, ci ajut\u0103 \u0219i la rezolvarea problemelor globale precum poluarea mediului \u0219i criza alimentar\u0103. Analiz\u0103m mai detaliat ce este agricultura de precizie, ce tehnologii se utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een aceasta \u0219i cum s\u0103 o implementa\u021bi \u00een exploata\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Ce este agricultura de precizie<\/h2>\n\n

Prin defini\u021bie, agricultura de precizie este o abordare inovatoare a agriculturii care permite cre\u0219terea eficien\u021bei acesteia prin monitorizarea mediului \u0219i calculul regulat al indicatorilor cheie ai st\u0103rii parcelelor de teren. Pentru prima dat\u0103, aceast\u0103 abordare a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie aplicat\u0103 la \u00eenceputul secolului XX \u2014 experimentele cu mecanizarea muncii \u0219i aplicarea diferen\u021biat\u0103 a materialelor au permis unui lucr\u0103tor agricol s\u0103 hr\u0103neasc\u0103 26 de alte persoane. \u00cen anii 1960 au ap\u0103rut tehnologiile de bioinginerie \u0219i chimicalele progresive, care au crescut aceast\u0103 propor\u021bie la 1:156. <\/p>\n\n

\u00cen prezent, un fermier poate hr\u0103ni p\u00e2n\u0103 la 250 de persoane. Dar cre\u0219terea constant\u0103 a popula\u021biei planetei \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2050 propor\u021bia celor angaja\u021bi \u00een agricultur\u0103 \u0219i alte sectoare trebuie s\u0103 creasc\u0103 la 1:500. Tocmai acest fapt a devenit motorul implement\u0103rii noilor tehnologii \u00een sectorul agrar. <\/p>\n\n

La \u00eentrebarea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 agricultura de precizie, se poate r\u0103spunde astfel: aceasta este orice tehnologie care permite cre\u0219terea randamentului sau reducerea consumului de resurse pentru cultivarea culturilor agricole prin intermediul sistemelor digitale de observare. \u00cen aceast\u0103 categorie se includ o gam\u0103 foarte larg\u0103 de solu\u021bii \u2014 de la senzori pe ma\u0219ini p\u00e2n\u0103 la sateli\u021bi cosmici \u0219i re\u021bele globale de naviga\u021bie. <\/p>\n\n

Avantajele agriculturii de precizie<\/h3>\n\n
    \n
  1. Cre\u0219terea randamentului culturilor<\/strong>. \u00cen 2021, o serie de asocia\u021bii agricole<\/a> din SUA au evaluat impactul tehnologiilor de agricultur\u0103 de precizie asupra productivit\u0103\u021bii \u00eentreprinderilor. Rezultatul a fost o cre\u0219tere medie a randamentului porumbului, soiei \u0219i cerealelor cu 4%. \u00cen \u021b\u0103rile cu metode tradi\u021bionale de agricultur\u0103, acest efect<\/a> poate fi chiar mai mare \u2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 22%. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Reducerea consumului de agrochimicale<\/strong>. Speciali\u0219tii Asocia\u021biei Produc\u0103torilor de Echipamente Agricole din SUA au calculat<\/a> c\u0103 sistemul de agricultur\u0103 de precizie economise\u0219te p\u00e2n\u0103 la 7% \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 9% pesticide \u0219i erbicide, precum \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6% combustibil. Doar \u00een Statele Unite aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 1,4 milioane tone de chimicale \u0219i 30 milioane tone de combustibil diesel. Aceasta ofer\u0103 un efect pozitiv nu doar pentru agricultur\u0103, ci \u0219i pentru conservarea mediului. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Conservarea apei curate<\/strong>. Calculele aceleia\u0219i organiza\u021bii AEM<\/a> arat\u0103 c\u0103 doar \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea eficien\u021bei iriga\u021biei permite economisirea a 4% ap\u0103. La scara SUA aceasta este volumul a 750.000 de piscine olimpice. Efectul general al reducerii consumului de resurse materiale corespunde unei economii de 15\u201318% ap\u0103 curat\u0103, care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru b\u0103ut sau producerea de alimente de calitate. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea st\u0103rii solurilor<\/strong>. Agricultura de precizie permite aplicarea \u00een sol a exact at\u00e2tor semin\u021be, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte, ap\u0103 \u0219i chimicale c\u00e2t este necesar pentru atingerea productivit\u0103\u021bii maxime \u2014 nici mai mult, nici mai pu\u021bin. Datorit\u0103 acestui fapt se reu\u0219e\u0219te p\u0103strarea celui mai mare rest posibil de minerale \u0219i microelemente utile, precum \u0219i evitarea \u00eenml\u0103\u0219\u021bin\u0103rii \u0219i saliniz\u0103rii solurilor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Control maxim<\/strong>. Agricultura de precizie nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 doar profitabilitate, ci \u0219i lini\u0219tea proprietarului de afaceri sau a managerului. Acest complex de tehnologii permite urm\u0103rirea pozi\u021biei fiec\u0103rei unit\u0103\u021bi de tehnic\u0103 \u00een timp real \u0219i primirea semnalelor despre defec\u021biuni. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Grad \u00eenalt de automatizare<\/strong>. Sistemul de agricultur\u0103 de precizie este primul pas c\u0103tre agricultura robotizat\u0103. Deja ast\u0103zi pute\u021bi automatiza procesele de produc\u021bie cu 50\u201380%. Exper\u021bii se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca \u00een viitor un lucr\u0103tor de ferm\u0103 s\u0103 poat\u0103 controla 10 ma\u0219ini simultan, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 cl\u0103direa. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Citi\u021bi \u0219i: <\/em>Solul: ce este, tipuri \u0219i fertilitatea sa<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n

    Elementele principale ale agriculturii de precizie<\/h3>\n\n

    Tehnologiile moderne permit agricultorilor s\u0103 utilizeze un \u00eentreg complex de solu\u021bii care ofer\u0103 un efect puternic de sinergie. Pentru a \u00een\u021belege despre ce anume este vorba, s\u0103 examin\u0103m elementele principale ale agriculturii de precizie: <\/p>\n\n

      \n
    1. Analiza agrochimic\u0103 a solului<\/strong>. Prelevarea probelor de sol \u0219i analiza de laborator pentru evaluarea con\u021binutului de substan\u021be nutritive. Permite determinarea necesit\u0103\u021bilor de aplicare a apei \u0219i chimicalelor. \u00cen timpul analizei de laborator se pot detecta \u0219i agen\u021bii patogeni ai bolilor plantelor \u0219i produsele activit\u0103\u021bii d\u0103un\u0103torilor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Cartografierea c\u00e2mpurilor<\/strong>. Utilizarea echipamentelor satelitare \u0219i terestre permite determinarea limitelor parcelelor, clasificarea lor dup\u0103 anumite caracteristici \u0219i vizualizarea distribu\u021biei caracteristicilor. Aceasta permite evaluarea randamentului prospectiv sau a necesit\u0103\u021bilor de investi\u021bii cu o privire rapid\u0103. Cartografierea este o etap\u0103 obligatorie \u00een dezvoltarea elementelor agriculturii de precizie. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Optimizarea rutelor de deplasare a tehnicii<\/strong>. Determinarea necesit\u0103\u021bilor exploata\u021biei permite construirea rutelor astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 se reduc\u0103 distan\u021ba \u0219i consumul de combustibil \u0219i \u00een acela\u0219i timp s\u0103 se \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 rezultatele. Recent, pentru rezolvarea acestei sarcini se utilizeaz\u0103 activ inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Aplicarea diferen\u021biat\u0103<\/strong>. Calculul normelor de consum de semin\u021be, ap\u0103, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte, pesticide \u0219i erbicide pentru fiecare zon\u0103 a terenurilor agricole. \u00cen combina\u021bie cu sistemele de control la distan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i robotizare, aceasta permite alegerea set\u0103rilor optime ale echipamentelor la fiecare c\u00e2\u021biva metri sau chiar c\u00e2teva zeci de centimetri. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Monitorizarea vremii<\/strong>. Sistemele satelitare de observare \u0219i solu\u021biile bazate pe inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 cresc semnificativ precizia prognoz\u0103rii comparativ cu metodele tradi\u021bionale. Aceasta \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe fermieri s\u0103 afle la timp despre precipita\u021bii \u0219i calamit\u0103\u021bi naturale. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. Aplicarea dronelor<\/strong>. Aparatele de zbor f\u0103r\u0103 pilot sunt utilizate pentru analiza operativ\u0103 a st\u0103rii terenurilor cu ajutorul camerelor, senzorilor de temperatur\u0103 \u0219i umiditate, spectrometrelor etc. Sunt utilizate \u0219i pentru aplicarea operativ\u0103 a chimicalelor cu daune minime pentru plante \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 compactarea suplimentar\u0103 a solului. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

      Citi\u021bi de asemenea: <\/em>Drone pentru agricultur\u0103: pentru ce sunt \u0219i cum s\u0103 alege\u021bi<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n

      Tehnologiile agriculturii de precizie<\/h3>\n\n

      Desigur, pentru implementarea noilor solu\u021bii este necesar s\u0103 se organizeze infrastructura corespunz\u0103toare. \u00cen sistemele de agricultur\u0103 de precizie se utilizeaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tehnologii: <\/p>\n\n

        \n
      1. Pozi\u021bionarea global\u0103 (GNSS)<\/strong>. Sisteme satelitare care permit urm\u0103rirea pozi\u021biei senzorilor \u00een ma\u0219ini \u0219i echipamente specializate. Precizia pozi\u021bion\u0103rii variaz\u0103 de la 10 m la 2,5 cm \u00een func\u021bie de protocolul ales de procesare a datelor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Sistemele informa\u021bionale geografice (GIS)<\/strong>. Prev\u0103d colectarea datelor cantitative despre starea suprafe\u021bei planetei cu ajutorul platformelor cosmice, avia\u021biei \u0219i terestre. Prev\u0103d vizualizarea acestor informa\u021bii sub forma h\u0103r\u021bilor interactive multistrat. Abord\u0103rile pentru zonarea c\u00e2mpului \u00een agricultura de precizie pot fi diferite \u2014 cu marcarea imaginilor \u0219i cu instalarea senzorilor la limitele parcelelor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Tehnologiile de evaluare a randamentului (YMT)<\/strong>. Prognozarea rezultatelor activit\u0103\u021bii \u00eentreprinderii pe baza informa\u021biilor de la diferi\u021bi senzori. Ajut\u0103 la construirea planurilor financiare precise, inclusiv pentru prezentarea la b\u0103nci, companii de asigur\u0103ri \u0219i fonduri de investi\u021bii. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Sistemele de normalizare variabil\u0103 (VRT)<\/strong>. Determin\u0103 automat consumul optim de resurse materiale pe fiecare parcel\u0103. \u00cen medie, cre\u0219te rentabilitatea<\/a> cu 5\u201320%, dar \u00een condi\u021bii nefavorabile diferen\u021ba poate ajunge la 500\u2013600%. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Teledetec\u021bia p\u0103m\u00e2ntului (DZZ)<\/strong>. Complex de tehnologii pentru studierea reliefului fizic, precum \u0219i m\u0103surarea temperaturii, umidit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i gradului de reflexie a luminii. Cercet\u0103rile se efectueaz\u0103 cu ajutorul instrumentelor de pe sateli\u021bii cosmici, avioane \u0219i drone. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. Internetul obiectelor (IoT)<\/strong>. Protocol de transmitere a datelor care permite aparatelor individuale s\u0103 fac\u0103 schimb de informa\u021bii direct, f\u0103r\u0103 participarea omului. Aceasta este o condi\u021bie obligatorie pentru automatizarea \u0219i robotizarea agriculturii, care ast\u0103zi sunt caracteristici importante ale agriculturii de precizie. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

        Citi\u021bi de asemenea: <\/em>Teledetec\u021bia P\u0103m\u00e2ntului: tipuri \u0219i perspective<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n

        Agricultura de precizie \u00een Ucraina<\/h2>\n\n

        \u021aara noastr\u0103 se adapteaz\u0103 treptat la normele interna\u021bionale \u0219i se integreaz\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul economic european. Prin urmare, agricultura de precizie \u00een Ucraina devine trendul agrar nr. 1, care ajut\u0103 exploata\u021biile fermiere\u0219ti s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 competitive chiar \u0219i la nivel mondial. S\u0103 examin\u0103m exemple de \u00eentreprinderi de succes care implementeaz\u0103 noile tehnologii: <\/p>\n\n

          \n
        1. \u201e<\/strong>Epicentr Agro<\/strong><\/a>\u201d<\/strong>. Potrivit reprezentan\u021bilor companiei, utilizarea pozi\u021bion\u0103rii RTK a permis cre\u0219terea productivit\u0103\u021bii utilajelor cu 10% \u0219i reducerea consumului de resurse materiale cu 5%. \u00cen plus, promovarea agriculturii de precizie a contribuit la reducerea pierderilor cauzate de furturi \u0219i utilizarea nera\u021bional\u0103 a \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u201e<\/strong>Continental Farmers Group<\/strong><\/a>\u201d<\/strong>. Compania a realizat un experiment, utiliz\u00e2nd tehnologii de agricultur\u0103 de precizie pe 30% din terenuri, preponderent \u00een regiunea Ternopil. \u00cen medie, a redus cheltuielile financiare cu 15%, men\u021bin\u00e2nd o productivitate ridicat\u0103. De asemenea, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 elibereze timpul de lucru al angaja\u021bilor pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii repara\u021biilor \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerii utilajelor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. HarvEast<\/strong><\/a>. Holdingul particip\u0103 activ la dezvoltarea agriculturii de precizie \u00een Ucraina. Fiind printre primii care au aplicat noile tehnologii, acesta a crescut productivitatea culturilor sensibile la umiditate cu 15\u201325% \u00een condi\u021biile dificile ale regiunilor sudice \u0219i estice ale \u021b\u0103rii. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

          \u00cen prezent, agricultura de precizie \u0219i perspectivele utiliz\u0103rii acesteia sunt discutate activ la forumuri \u0219i conferin\u021be. Anual pe pia\u021b\u0103 apar noi companii care ofer\u0103 tehnic\u0103, software, abonamente \u0219i solu\u021bii complexe. <\/p>\n\n

          Implementarea sistemelor de agricultur\u0103 de precizie: recomand\u0103ri practice<\/h2>\n\n

          Implementarea tehnologiilor agriculturii de precizie \u00een activitatea zilnic\u0103 a exploata\u021biei necesit\u0103 o abordare echilibrat\u0103. Pentru a ob\u021bine rezultatul maxim cu efort minim, orienta\u021bi-v\u0103 dup\u0103 urm\u0103toarele recomand\u0103ri: <\/p>\n\n

            \n
          1. Defini\u021bi clar necesit\u0103\u021bile \u00eentreprinderii<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 este vorba despre o ferm\u0103 mic\u0103 cu mecanizare limitat\u0103, este suficient accesul la h\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i servicii de agroscouting. Iar o companie mare poate beneficia de toate serviciile posibile \u2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 la observarea satelitar\u0103 \u00een timp real \u0219i robotizare. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. G\u0103si\u021bi parteneri de \u00eencredere<\/strong>. Ace\u0219tia pot fi furnizori de sisteme de comunica\u021bii prin satelit, platforme de procesare a datelor \u0219i laboratoare agrochimice. Acorda\u021bi o aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 reputa\u021biei acestora, prezen\u021bei unor m\u0103rci cunoscute \u00een lista de clien\u021bi \u0219i posibilit\u0103\u021bii de a \u00eencheia contracte de colaborare pe termen lung. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Asigura\u021bi instruirea personalului<\/strong>. Utilizarea sistemelor de agricultur\u0103 de precizie \u00een agricultur\u0103 reduce consumul de timp de lucru, dar cre\u0219te cerin\u021bele privind calificarea inginerilor. Organiza\u021bi traininguri introductive, instructaje la fiecare modificare a principiilor de func\u021bionare a echipamentelor \u0219i sesiuni de perfec\u021bionare profesional\u0103. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. Selecta\u021bi software de calitate<\/strong>. Aplica\u021biile \u0219i platformele online sunt la fel de importante pentru agricultura de precizie ca \u0219i componenta hardware. Studia\u021bi cu aten\u021bie toate instruc\u021biunile \u0219i descrierile func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bilor. Dac\u0103 este posibil, comanda\u021bi dezvoltarea unei solu\u021bii personalizate care va contribui la economisirea timpului \u0219i a resurselor \u0219i se va amortiza \u00een decurs de 1\u20131,5 ani. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. Configura\u021bi sisteme de monitorizare \u0219i analiz\u0103<\/strong>. Colecta\u021bi date \u00een timp real \u0219i analiza\u021bi leg\u0103turile dintre deciziile dumneavoastr\u0103 \u0219i rezultatele ob\u021binute. Utiliza\u021bi concluziile pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi strategia de management a \u00eentreprinderii. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

            \u00cenc\u0103 un sfat: nu am\u00e2na\u021bi implementarea tehnologiilor de agricultur\u0103 de precizie. Dac\u0103 \u00een prezent nu ave\u021bi resurse materiale suficiente pentru achizi\u021bionarea de echipamente sau servicii, folosi\u021bi ratele agricole avantajoase prin serviciul online <\/em>WEAGRO<\/em><\/a>. Acestea v\u0103 permit s\u0103 ob\u021bine\u021bi solu\u021bii high-tech acum \u0219i s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi pentru ele mai t\u00e2rziu, de exemplu dup\u0103 recoltare. Mul\u021bi furnizori de agricultur\u0103 de precizie – furnizori de echipamente, dezvoltatori de software \u0219i laboratoare – colaboreaz\u0103 cu serviciul nostru.<\/em> <\/p>\n

            \n
            \n \n
            \n
            \n

            Cump\u0103ra\u021bi acum, pl\u0103ti\u021bi mai t\u00e2rziu<\/h4>\n

            Finan\u021bare agricol\u0103 pentru produc\u0103torul agricol<\/h2> <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Agricultura de precizie este cea mai important\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 a agriculturii moderne. Digitalizarea proceselor de produc\u021bie \u0219i aplicarea tehnologiilor \u00eenalte permit cre\u0219terea semnificativ\u0103 a randamentului, reduc\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp consumul de resurse materiale. Aceasta nu doar cre\u0219te competitivitatea \u00eentreprinderilor individuale, ci ajut\u0103 \u0219i la rezolvarea problemelor globale precum poluarea mediului \u0219i criza alimentar\u0103. 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