{"id":6739,"date":"2026-03-16T13:39:49","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T11:39:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weagro.ua\/blog\/cine-cumpara-credite-de-carbon-agricole-si-cum-poate-un-fermier-sa-si-gaseasca-propriul-cumparator\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T14:14:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T11:14:11","slug":"cine-cumpara-credite-de-carbon-agricole-si-cum-poate-un-fermier-sa-si-gaseasca-propriul-cumparator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weagro.ua\/ro\/blog\/cine-cumpara-credite-de-carbon-agricole-si-cum-poate-un-fermier-sa-si-gaseasca-propriul-cumparator\/","title":{"rendered":"Cine cump\u0103r\u0103 credite de carbon agricole \u0219i cum poate un fermier s\u0103-\u0219i g\u0103seasc\u0103 propriul cump\u0103r\u0103tor"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2nd un fermier aude pentru prima dat\u0103 despre creditele de carbon, de obicei apare o \u00eentrebare simpl\u0103: cine pl\u0103te\u0219te pentru asta? \u00cen practic\u0103, cump\u0103r\u0103torii pot fi mari companii interna\u021bionale \u2013 de la gigan\u021bi tehnologici p\u00e2n\u0103 la companii aeriene sau branduri alimentare. Pentru ei, aceasta nu este caritate, ci parte a strategiei climatice \u0219i un instrument de gestionare a propriilor emisii. <\/p>\n\n

Ast\u0103zi, cel mai adesea, fermierul nu \u00ee\u0219i caut\u0103 singur cump\u0103r\u0103torul. Dac\u0103 proiectul este gestionat de un dezvoltator extern, de regul\u0103, acesta se ocup\u0103 \u0219i de v\u00e2nzarea ulterioar\u0103 a creditelor. \u00cens\u0103, \u00een convingerea mea, acest lucru nu va fi pentru totdeauna. Pia\u021ba se maturizeaz\u0103, iar odat\u0103 cu ea se maturizeaz\u0103 \u0219i exploata\u021biile agricole. O parte dintre fermieri v\u0103d deja \u00een propriul proiect de carbon nu doar un bonus suplimentar, ci o oportunitate separat\u0103 de dezvoltare. Iar \u00een acest caz, \u00eentrebarea \u201ecum \u00eemi g\u0103sesc cump\u0103r\u0103torul?\u201d devine pe deplin fireasc\u0103. Despre asta vom vorbi ast\u0103zi. Totu\u0219i, s\u0103 le lu\u0103m pe r\u00e2nd. <\/p>\n\n

De ce cump\u0103r\u0103 companiile credite de carbon<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Ast\u0103zi, din ce \u00een ce mai multe companii interna\u021bionale \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 angajamente climatice. Ele anun\u021b\u0103 public obiective de reducere a emisiilor \u00een cadrul strategiilor Net Zero sau Carbon Neutral. Pentru afaceri, aceasta nu mai este doar o chestiune de reputa\u021bie. De politica climatic\u0103 a companiei depinde din ce \u00een ce mai mult accesul la investi\u021bii, parteneriate \u0219i chiar la anumite pie\u021be. <\/p>\n\n

O parte din emisii pot fi reduse de companii \u00een mod independent, de exemplu prin trecerea la energie regenerabil\u0103, schimbarea tehnologiilor de produc\u021bie sau optimizarea logisticii. \u00cens\u0103 eliminarea complet\u0103 a tuturor emisiilor este aproape imposibil\u0103. \u00cen orice afacere r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eentotdeauna a\u0219a-numita amprent\u0103 de carbon \u201erezidual\u0103”. <\/p>\n\n

Aici apar creditele de carbon. Cump\u0103r\u00e2ndu-le, compania finan\u021beaz\u0103 de fapt un proiect climatic care fie reduce emisiile, fie elimin\u0103 carbonul din atmosfer\u0103. Astfel, afacerea compenseaz\u0103 acea parte din propriile emisii pe care \u00een prezent nu o poate reduce prin solu\u021bii tehnologice. <\/p>\n\n

\u00cen acest context, proiectele agricole devin deosebit de atractive pentru cump\u0103r\u0103tori. Agricultura are o proprietate unic\u0103: poate nu doar s\u0103 reduc\u0103 emisiile, ci \u0219i s\u0103 acumuleze carbon \u00een sol. De aceea, creditele de carbon din carbon farming sunt din ce \u00een ce mai des considerate ca unul dintre instrumentele promi\u021b\u0103toare ale strategiei climatice a marilor companii. <\/p>\n

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Deveni\u021bi partener<\/h4>\n

Credit agricol pentru agrobusiness<\/h2> <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

De ce anume carbon farming (agricultura de carbon) st\u00e2rne\u0219te interesul cump\u0103r\u0103torilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Pe pia\u021ba global\u0103 exist\u0103 multe tipuri de proiecte de carbon. Acestea pot fi programe forestiere, proiecte de energie regenerabil\u0103, captarea metanului sau tehnologii de eliminare direct\u0103 a CO\u2082 din atmosfer\u0103. Fiecare dintre aceste direc\u021bii are propriul rol \u00een transformarea climatic\u0103 a economiei. <\/p>\n\n

Cu toate acestea, \u00een ultimii ani, din ce \u00een ce mai mult\u0103 aten\u021bie atrag tocmai proiectele agricole legate de gestionarea solurilor. Motivul este simplu \u2013 amploarea. Agricultura ocup\u0103 o parte imens\u0103 din suprafa\u021ba terestr\u0103, iar solurile sunt capabile s\u0103 acumuleze volume semnificative de carbon organic. <\/p>\n\n

Pentru companii, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 poten\u021bialul unor solu\u021bii climatice la scar\u0103 larg\u0103. Schimb\u0103rile \u00een practicile agricole, de exemplu reducerea prelucr\u0103rii intensive a solului, utilizarea culturilor de acoperire sau gestionarea resturilor vegetale, pot cre\u0219te treptat rezervele de carbon din sol. Tocmai acest efect devine baza pentru crearea creditelor de carbon \u00een cadrul carbon farming. <\/p>\n\n

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Exist\u0103 \u0219i un alt motiv de interes pentru astfel de proiecte. Spre deosebire de multe solu\u021bii tehnologice, practicile agricole au adesea efecte pozitive suplimentare: \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea structurii solurilor, cre\u0219terea fertilit\u0103\u021bii acestora, capacitate mai bun\u0103 de re\u021binere a apei \u0219i sus\u021binerea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii. Pentru marile companii, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 efectul climatic se combin\u0103 cu un impact mai larg asupra ecosistemelor. <\/p>\n\n

De aceea, din ce \u00een ce mai multe programe climatice corporative \u00eencep s\u0103 includ\u0103 proiecte agricole \u00een portofoliul lor. \u0218i uneori acest lucru duce la tranzac\u021bii foarte mari pe pia\u021ba creditelor de carbon. <\/p>\n\n

Exemplu de tranzac\u021bie mare: Indigo Carbon \u0219i Microsoft<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Pentru a \u00een\u021belege amploarea interesului pentru creditele de carbon agricole, este suficient s\u0103 privim tranzac\u021biile reale care au loc deja pe pia\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n

Unul dintre cele mai semnificative exemple este colaborarea dintre compania american\u0103 Indigo Ag \u0219i corpora\u021bia Microsoft. Indigo Ag dezvolt\u0103 programul Indigo Carbon, care lucreaz\u0103 cu fermierii pentru implementarea practicilor de carbon farming \u0219i transform\u0103 carbonul acumulat \u00een sol \u00een credite de carbon. \u00cen cadrul acestui program, Microsoft a acceptat s\u0103 achizi\u021bioneze aproximativ 2,85 milioane de credite de carbon, care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie generate pe parcursul urm\u0103torilor 12 ani. Valoarea total\u0103 a unei astfel de tranzac\u021bii, conform estim\u0103rilor pie\u021bei, poate fi de la 171 la 228 milioane de dolari, \u00een func\u021bie de pre\u021bul creditului, care \u00een acest caz este estimat la aproximativ 60\u201380 de dolari per ton\u0103 CO\u2082e. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Acest exemplu ilustreaz\u0103 bine dou\u0103 lucruri importante. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, marile companii interna\u021bionale sunt deja preg\u0103tite s\u0103 \u00eencheie acorduri pe termen lung cu proiecte agricole. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, pentru ele este important\u0103 nu doar tona de CO\u2082 \u00een sine, ci \u0219i calitatea proiectului, transparen\u021ba datelor \u0219i \u00eencrederea \u00een rezultat. <\/p>\n\n

De aceea, astfel de credite sunt de obicei create \u00een cadrul standardelor interna\u021bionale de verificare, care permit cump\u0103r\u0103torilor s\u0103 fie siguri de autenticitatea efectului climatic.<\/p>\n\n

Ce credite cump\u0103r\u0103 companiile interna\u021bionale<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Pe pia\u021ba creditelor de carbon exist\u0103 un aspect important pe care merit\u0103 s\u0103-l \u00een\u021belegem. Nu toate creditele sunt la fel \u0219i nu toate sunt acceptate \u00een mod egal de cump\u0103r\u0103torii interna\u021bionali. <\/p>\n\n

Marile companii se orienteaz\u0103 de obicei c\u0103tre credite create \u00een cadrul standardelor interna\u021bionale recunoscute. Tocmai astfel de sisteme definesc regulile de calcul al efectului climatic, procedurile de verificare \u0219i cerin\u021bele de transparen\u021b\u0103 a datelor. Cele mai cunoscute exemple de astfel de standarde sunt Verra sau Gold Standard. <\/p>\n\n

Separat, merit\u0103 men\u021bionat \u0219i mecanismul CORSIA, un sistem interna\u021bional creat pentru compensarea emisiilor \u00een avia\u021bia global\u0103. \u00cen cadrul acestui program, companiile aeriene pot utiliza doar acele credite de carbon care \u00eendeplinesc cerin\u021bele definite \u0219i sunt recunoscute de acest sistem. <\/p>\n\n

Din 2027, CORSIA trece \u00een faza obligatorie<\/strong>, \u0219i acest lucru poate influen\u021ba semnificativ structura cererii pe pia\u021b\u0103. Se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca noile reguli s\u0103 limiteze utilizarea creditelor din o parte a proiectelor forestiere, deschiz\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp posibilitatea pentru alte tipuri de solu\u021bii climatice. \u00cen special, \u00een lista abord\u0103rilor admisibile au fost deja incluse proiectele agricole de acumulare a carbonului \u00een sol, care pot genera credite conform standardului Verra. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Pentru pia\u021b\u0103, acesta este un semnal foarte important. Deoarece industria avia\u021biei este unul dintre cei mai mari poten\u021biali cump\u0103r\u0103tori de credite de carbon, se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca cererea pentru credite de calitate din carbon farming s\u0103 creasc\u0103 vizibil. Iar acest lucru, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, deschide noi oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru fermierii care lucreaz\u0103 cu astfel de proiecte. <\/p>\n\n

Cum poate un fermier s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 un cump\u0103r\u0103tor<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n

Odat\u0103 ce proiectul de carbon a fost creat \u0219i creditele trec prin verificare, urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 este v\u00e2nzarea acestora. \u00cen practic\u0103, exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva modele principale prin care creditele de carbon agricole ajung la cump\u0103r\u0103tori. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Tranzac\u021bii directe cu companiile<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen unele cazuri, marile corpora\u021bii \u00eencheie contracte directe pe termen lung cu dezvoltatorii sau proprietarii proiectelor de carbon. Astfel de acorduri sunt adesea semnate \u00eenainte ca creditele s\u0103 fie efectiv emise \u0219i pot acoperi mai mul\u021bi ani \u00een avans. <\/p>\n\n

Un astfel de model se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te mai des \u00een proiecte mari sau bine structurate. Avantajul s\u0103u const\u0103 \u00een posibilitatea de a conveni asupra condi\u021biilor individuale de colaborare \u0219i de a ob\u021bine poten\u021bial un pre\u021b mai mare pentru credit. <\/p>\n

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Cump\u0103ra\u021bi acum, pl\u0103ti\u021bi mai t\u00e2rziu<\/h4>\n

Plata \u00een rate agricole pentru produc\u0103torul agricol<\/h2> <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00e2nzare prin brokeri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Calea cea mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 pentru majoritatea proiectelor const\u0103 \u00een lucrul prin brokeri sau intermediari specializa\u021bi. Tocmai ei ajut\u0103 la g\u0103sirea cump\u0103r\u0103torilor, structurarea tranzac\u021biilor \u0219i \u00eenso\u021birea v\u00e2nz\u0103rii pe pia\u021ba interna\u021bional\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Pentru fermieri sau dezvoltatorii de proiecte, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 adesea acces la un cerc mai larg de cump\u0103r\u0103tori \u0219i o mai bun\u0103 orientare \u00een situa\u021bia pie\u021bei.<\/p>\n\n

Platforme de tranzac\u021bionare<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

O alt\u0103 op\u021biune const\u0103 \u00een utilizarea platformelor de tranzac\u021bionare specializate, sau a\u0219a-numitele marketplace-uri de carbon. Practic, acestea sunt platforme online unde are loc cump\u0103rarea \u0219i v\u00e2nzarea creditelor de carbon \u00eentre diferi\u021bi participan\u021bi pe pia\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Printre exemplele unor astfel de platforme se pot men\u021biona Emsurge, CBL sau Xpansive. Platforme similare formeaz\u0103 treptat infrastructura pentru un comer\u021b mai deschis \u0219i transparent cu credite de carbon. <\/p>\n\n

Ce urmeaz\u0103?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen urm\u0103toarea rubric\u0103 vom examina imaginea mai larg\u0103 a pie\u021bei: ce tranzac\u021bii mari au avut deja loc \u00een lume, ce investi\u021bii intr\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu \u0219i de ce din ce \u00een ce mai mult\u0103 aten\u021bie este \u00eendreptat\u0103 tocmai c\u0103tre creditele de carbon agricole. De asemenea, vom discuta despre direc\u021bia \u00een care s-ar putea dezvolta aceast\u0103 pia\u021b\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103torii ani \u0219i ce oportunit\u0103\u021bi deschide acest lucru pentru fermieri. <\/p>\n\n

\u00cempreun\u0103 construim viitorul durabil al agribusinessului din Ucraina<\/em><\/strong>!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

CARBONEX<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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C\u00e2nd un fermier aude pentru prima dat\u0103 despre creditele de carbon, de obicei apare o \u00eentrebare simpl\u0103: cine pl\u0103te\u0219te pentru asta? \u00cen practic\u0103, cump\u0103r\u0103torii pot fi mari companii interna\u021bionale \u2013 de la gigan\u021bi tehnologici p\u00e2n\u0103 la companii aeriene sau branduri alimentare. 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