{"id":7625,"date":"2026-05-27T13:17:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T10:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weagro.ua\/blog\/de-ce-creditele-de-carbon-nu-se-calculeaza-fata-de-anul-precedent\/"},"modified":"2026-07-14T11:21:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T08:21:12","slug":"de-ce-creditele-de-carbon-nu-se-calculeaza-fata-de-anul-precedent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weagro.ua\/ro\/blog\/de-ce-creditele-de-carbon-nu-se-calculeaza-fata-de-anul-precedent\/","title":{"rendered":"De ce creditele de carbon nu se calculeaz\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mul\u021bi fermieri cred c\u0103 creditele de carbon se acord\u0103 pentru faptul c\u0103 cantitatea de carbon organic din sol a crescut \u00een compara\u021bie cu anul precedent. Dar \u00een practic\u0103 totul este mai complex. \u00centrebarea principal\u0103 sun\u0103 diferit. A avut loc aceast\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire tocmai datorit\u0103 proiectului de carbon?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Principiul \u201eadi\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen centrul oric\u0103rui proiect de carbon se afl\u0103 urm\u0103torul principiu: creditul poate fi ob\u021binut doar pentru acel rezultat care nu s-ar fi produs f\u0103r\u0103 participarea la proiect.<\/p>\n\n

De exemplu, un fermier trece la cultivare f\u0103r\u0103 ar\u0103tur\u0103, seam\u0103n\u0103 culturi de acoperire \u0219i cre\u0219te treptat con\u021binutul de carbon organic din sol. Apare \u00eentrebarea: s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat acest lucru tocmai datorit\u0103 proiectului de carbon sau exploata\u021bia ar fi implementat aceste schimb\u0103ri \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 venitul suplimentar din v\u00e2nzarea creditelor? <\/p>\n\n

Dac\u0103 r\u0103spunsul este al doilea, atunci un astfel de rezultat nu este considerat adi\u021bional \u0219i creditele de carbon nu se acord\u0103.<\/p>\n\n

S\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m c\u0103 exploata\u021bia a trecut deja de c\u00e2\u021biva ani la noua tehnologie din cauza cre\u0219terii pre\u021burilor la combustibil \u0219i a dorin\u021bei de a reduce costurile. Sau o astfel de practic\u0103 este deja obi\u0219nuit\u0103 pentru regiune. Sau implementarea ei este direct cerut\u0103 de legisla\u021bie. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Dac\u0103 spunem foarte simplu, logica este urm\u0103toarea: dac\u0103 fermierul ar fi implementat aceste schimb\u0103ri chiar \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 venitul din creditele de carbon, atunci proiectul nu este considerat adi\u021bional.<\/p>\n\n

\u00cen acest caz, standardele interna\u021bionale pot ajunge la concluzia c\u0103 schimb\u0103rile s-ar fi produs independent de proiectul de carbon. Prin urmare, nu exist\u0103 temeiuri pentru acordarea creditelor. <\/p>\n\n

Acest lucru este important dintr-un motiv simplu. Cump\u0103r\u0103torul creditului de carbon pl\u0103te\u0219te efectiv pentru un rezultat climatic adi\u021bional. El dore\u0219te s\u0103 fie sigur c\u0103 fondurile sale au fost cu adev\u0103rat cauza schimb\u0103rilor pozitive, \u0219i nu doar au \u00eenregistrat un proces care s-ar fi produs oricum f\u0103r\u0103 participarea sa. <\/p>\n\n

Tocmai de aceea principiul adi\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii este fundamentul tuturor standardelor interna\u021bionale de certificare a carbonului.<\/p>\n\n

Exact astfel formuleaz\u0103 Verra aceast\u0103 logic\u0103 \u00een regulile sale:<\/p>\n\n

\u201eReducerea emisiilor \u0219i eliminarea gazelor cu efect de ser\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie adi\u021bionale fa\u021b\u0103 de ceea ce s-ar fi \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00eentr-un scenariu obi\u0219nuit de desf\u0103\u0219urare a activit\u0103\u021bii (business-as-usual scenario)\u201d.<\/p>\n\n

Verra. VCS Program Guide, v4.8, Section 4.1 (Project Requirements), Additionality Requirement. <\/em><\/p>\n\n

Adic\u0103 standardul cere \u00een mod direct s\u0103 se compare rezultatul proiectului nu cu anul trecut, ci cu ceea ce s-ar fi \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een scenariul obi\u0219nuit f\u0103r\u0103 proiect.<\/p>\n

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Deveni\u021bi partener<\/h4>\n

Credit agricol pentru agrobusiness<\/h2> <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Scenariul de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een proiectul de carbon<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Dar apare o \u00eentrebare logic\u0103: cum se poate dovedi practic c\u0103 aceste schimb\u0103ri nu s-ar fi produs de la sine?<\/p>\n\n

Pentru aceasta este necesar s\u0103 se modeleze un scenariu alternativ \u0219i s\u0103 se r\u0103spund\u0103 la \u00eentrebarea ce s-ar fi \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu c\u00e2mpul, solul \u0219i rezervele de carbon organic dac\u0103 fermierul nu s-ar fi al\u0103turat deloc proiectului de carbon.Tocmai acest scenariu ipotetic se nume\u0219te scenariu de referin\u021b\u0103. Acesta devine punctul de plecare pentru calculul ulterior al creditelor de carbon. <\/p>\n\n

Scenariu de referin\u021b\u0103 vs linie de baz\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Aici este important s\u0103 se fac\u0103 distinc\u021bia \u00eentre dou\u0103 no\u021biuni apropiate.<\/p>\n\n

Scenariul de referin\u021b\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 este descrierea practicilor agricole \u00een sine: prelucrarea solului, rota\u021bia culturilor, aplicarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor, randamentul.<\/p>\n\n

Linia de baz\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 este deja rezultatul cantitativ al acestui scenariu, adic\u0103 prognoza modific\u0103rii rezervelor de carbon organic din sol \u0219i a emisiilor asociate de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103. \u0218i tocmai acest calcul influen\u021beaz\u0103 num\u0103rul de credite care pot fi emise. Tocmai acest indicator se compar\u0103 cu rezultatele efective \u00een anul sau perioada corespunz\u0103toare. <\/p>\n\n

Prin urmare, este gre\u0219it s\u0103 se considere c\u0103 creditele de carbon se acord\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu pentru modificarea rezervelor de carbon \u00eentre \u00eenceputul \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219itul proiectului. \u00cen realitate, se compar\u0103 linia de baz\u0103 \u0219i rezultatul efectiv \u00een unul \u0219i acela\u0219i an. <\/p>\n\n

Cum se calculeaz\u0103 linia de baz\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Pentru calculul liniei de baz\u0103 se utilizeaz\u0103 dou\u0103 abord\u0103ri principale.<\/p>\n\n

Prima abordare \u2013 m\u0103sur\u0103tori de teren<\/strong>. Pentru aceasta este necesar s\u0103 existe o parcel\u0103 de control pe care nu se implementeaz\u0103 practici noi \u0219i s\u0103 se recolteze \u00een mod regulat probe de sol at\u00e2t de pe parcela de control, c\u00e2t \u0219i de pe c\u00e2mpul de proiect. O astfel de abordare este utilizat\u0103 pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een cercet\u0103rile \u0219tiin\u021bifice, dar pentru proiecte comerciale mari este costisitoare \u0219i dificil de organizat. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Prin urmare, mai practic\u0103 este o alt\u0103 abordare \u2013 modelarea.<\/strong> \u00cen acest caz, se creeaz\u0103 o copie digital\u0103 a c\u00e2mpului real. \u00cen model se \u00eencarc\u0103 date istorice despre gospod\u0103rire: structura rota\u021biei culturilor, randamentul, prelucrarea solului, aplicarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor, precum \u0219i caracteristicile solului \u0219i climei. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

De obicei, se utilizeaz\u0103 cel pu\u021bin trei ani anteriori de date, dar nu mai pu\u021bin de un ciclu complet de rota\u021bie a culturilor.<\/p>\n\n

Cu c\u00e2t istoricul datelor este mai lung \u0219i mai calitativ, cu at\u00e2t mai precis poate modelul s\u0103 prevad\u0103 cum s-ar fi modificat nivelul de carbon organic f\u0103r\u0103 participarea la proiect.<\/p>\n\n

Deoarece este imposibil s\u0103 se m\u0103soare fizic con\u021binutul de carbon din sol \u00eentr-un scenariu ipotetic, pentru astfel de calcule se utilizeaz\u0103 modele biogeochimice. Acestea sunt algoritmi matematici \u0219tiin\u021bifici care imit\u0103 procesele de acumulare \u0219i pierdere a carbonului organic din sol \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de clim\u0103, propriet\u0103\u021bile solului \u0219i agrotehnicile. <\/p>\n\n

Tocmai aceste modele permit s\u0103 se compare dou\u0103 scenarii pe unul \u0219i acela\u0219i c\u00e2mp: ce s-ar fi \u00eent\u00e2mplat f\u0103r\u0103 proiect \u0219i ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat efectiv dup\u0103 implementarea noilor practici.<\/p>\n

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Cump\u0103ra\u021bi acum, pl\u0103ti\u021bi mai t\u00e2rziu<\/h4>\n

Plata \u00een rate agricole pentru produc\u0103torul agricol<\/h2> <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Dou\u0103 exemple practice<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Exemplul 1. Schimb\u0103rile \u00eencep odat\u0103 cu proiectul <\/p>\n\n

S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2026 exploata\u021bia a utilizat prelucrarea tradi\u021bional\u0103 a solului. \u00cen acest caz, scenariul de referin\u021b\u0103 va fi construit \u0219i pe baza practicilor tradi\u021bionale. Modelul poate ar\u0103ta c\u0103 \u00een astfel de condi\u021bii rezervele de carbon organic din sol s-ar fi redus treptat. <\/p>\n\n

Dup\u0103 aderarea la proiect, exploata\u021bia trece la cultivare f\u0103r\u0103 ar\u0103tur\u0103 \u0219i \u00eencepe s\u0103 utilizeze culturi de acoperire. \u00cen scenariul efectiv, modelul poate ar\u0103ta deja o cre\u0219tere a rezervelor de carbon organic. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Diferen\u021ba dintre aceste dou\u0103 scenarii va fi acel efect climatic adi\u021bional pentru care pot fi acordate credite de carbon. Prin urmare, creditul se formeaz\u0103 nu doar pentru c\u0103 carbonul a devenit mai mult, ci prin diferen\u021ba dintre scenariul efectiv \u0219i linia de baz\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Exemplul 2. Practicile au fost implementate anterior <\/p>\n\n

O alt\u0103 situa\u021bie apare atunci c\u00e2nd exploata\u021bia a trecut la cultivare f\u0103r\u0103 ar\u0103tur\u0103 cu c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00eenainte de participarea la proiect.<\/p>\n\n

\u00cen acest caz, aceste practici intr\u0103 deja \u00een scenariul de referin\u021b\u0103. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 modelul va prognoza acumularea de carbon organic chiar \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 participarea la proiectul de carbon. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Prin urmare, aceast\u0103 cre\u0219tere nu este considerat\u0103 efect climatic adi\u021bional. Iar dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 efect adi\u021bional, atunci nu exist\u0103 nici temeiuri pentru acordarea creditelor de carbon. Dar exploata\u021bia poate crea efect adi\u021bional prin practici noi care nu intrau \u00een scenariul de referin\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n\n

Tocmai de aceea creditele de carbon se acord\u0103 nu pentru orice acumulare de carbon \u00een sol, ci doar pentru acea parte a rezultatului care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te linia de baz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n

Ce urmeaz\u0103?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 determinarea liniei de baz\u0103, calculul nu se \u00eencheie. \u00cen urm\u0103toarea rubric\u0103 vom examina cum coeficien\u021bii de ajustare speciali influen\u021beaz\u0103 num\u0103rul final de credite \u0219i de ce volumul efectiv de emitere este aproape \u00eentotdeauna mai mic dec\u00e2t rezultatul ini\u021bial al model\u0103rii. <\/p>\n\n

\u00cempreun\u0103 construim viitorul durabil al agribusinessului din Ucraina<\/em><\/strong>!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

CARBONEX<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mul\u021bi fermieri cred c\u0103 creditele de carbon se acord\u0103 pentru faptul c\u0103 cantitatea de carbon organic din sol a crescut \u00een compara\u021bie cu anul precedent. Dar \u00een practic\u0103 totul este mai complex. \u00centrebarea principal\u0103 sun\u0103 diferit. A avut loc aceast\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire tocmai datorit\u0103 proiectului de carbon? Principiul \u201eadi\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii\u201d \u00cen centrul oric\u0103rui proiect de carbon se […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":7627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-credite-de-carbon"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDe ce creditele de carbon nu se calculeaz\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent - WEAGRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explic\u0103m ce este scenariul de referin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i de ce acesta determin\u0103 num\u0103rul de credite.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/weagro.ua\/ro\/blog\/de-ce-creditele-de-carbon-nu-se-calculeaza-fata-de-anul-precedent\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De ce creditele de carbon nu se calculeaz\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent - 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